SCERT Assam Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials Exercise 2.2 Solutions English Medium

Sudev Chandra Das

📘 SCERT Assam Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials Exercise 2.2 Solutions (2026–2027) English Medium

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📚 Chapter 2: Polynomials – Quick Revision

Before solving Exercise 2.2, remember:

A polynomial is an algebraic expression

Zeros of polynomial = values of x where p(x) = 0


✍️ Exercise 2.2 Solutions (Full Explanation)

Question 1: Find the zeros of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between zeros and coefficients.

  • (i) \(x^2 - 2x - 8\)
  • (ii) \(4s^2 - 4s + 1\)
  • (iii) \(6x^2 - 7x - 3\)
  • (iv) \(4u^2 + 8u\)
  • (v) \(t^2 - 15\)
  • (vi) \(3x^2 - x - 4\)
  • (vii) \(x^2 + 7x + 12\)
  • (viii) \(x^2 - 4x + 3\)
  • (ix) \(x^2 - 6x - 7\)
  • (x) \(2x^2 - 5x - 7\)

Solution (i)

\[ x^2 - 2x - 8 = x^2 - (4 - 2)x - 8 \] \[ = x^2 - 4x + 2x - 8 \] \[ = x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4) \] \[ = (x - 4)(x + 2) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ x - 4 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 2 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = 4 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -2 \]

Zeroes are: \(4\) and \(-2\)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = 4 + (-2) = 2 = -\frac{-2}{1} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = 4 \times (-2) = -8 = \frac{-8}{1} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (ii)

\[ 4s^2 - 4s + 1 = 4s^2 - (2 + 2)s + 1 \] \[ = 4s^2 - 2s - 2s + 1 \] \[ = 2s(2s - 1) - 1(2s - 1) \] \[ = (2s - 1)(2s - 1) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ 2s - 1 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore s = \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2} \]

Zeroes are: \( \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2} \)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} = 1 = -\frac{-4}{4} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } s}{\text{Coefficient of } s^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{4} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } s^2} \]

Solution (iii)

\[ 6x^2 - 3 - 7x = 6x^2 - 7x - 3 \] \[ = 6x^2 - (9 - 2)x - 3 \] \[ = 6x^2 - 9x + 2x - 3 \] \[ = 3x(2x - 3) + 1(2x - 3) \] \[ = (2x - 3)(3x + 1) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ 2x - 3 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad 3x + 1 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = \frac{3}{2} \quad \text{and} \quad x = -\frac{1}{3} \]

Zeroes are: \( \frac{3}{2} \) and \( -\frac{1}{3} \)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = \frac{3}{2} + \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{9 - 2}{6} = \frac{7}{6} = -\frac{-7}{6} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = \frac{3}{2} \times \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = -\frac{1}{2} = \frac{-3}{6} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (iv)

\[ 4u^2 + 8u = 4u^2 + 8u + 0 \] \[ = 4u(u + 2) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ 4u = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad u + 2 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore u = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad u = -2 \]

Zeroes are: \(0\) and \(-2\)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = 0 + (-2) = -2 = -\frac{8}{4} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } u}{\text{Coefficient of } u^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = 0 \times (-2) = 0 = \frac{0}{4} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } u^2} \]

Solution (v)

\[ t^2 - 15 = t^2 - (\sqrt{15})^2 \] \[ = (t - \sqrt{15})(t + \sqrt{15}) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ t - \sqrt{15} = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad t + \sqrt{15} = 0 \]

\[ \therefore t = \sqrt{15} \quad \text{and} \quad t = -\sqrt{15} \]

Zeroes are: \( \sqrt{15} \) and \( -\sqrt{15} \)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = \sqrt{15} + (-\sqrt{15}) = 0 = -\frac{0}{1} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } t}{\text{Coefficient of } t^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = \sqrt{15} \times (-\sqrt{15}) = -15 = \frac{-15}{1} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } t^2} \]

Solution (vi)

\[ 3x^2 - x - 4 = 3x^2 - (4 - 3)x - 4 \] \[ = 3x^2 - 4x + 3x - 4 \] \[ = x(3x - 4) + 1(3x - 4) \] \[ = (3x - 4)(x + 1) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ 3x - 4 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 1 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = \frac{4}{3} \quad \text{and} \quad x = -1 \]

Zeroes are: \( \frac{4}{3} \) and \( -1 \)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = \frac{4}{3} + (-1) = \frac{4 - 3}{3} = \frac{1}{3} = -\frac{-1}{3} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = \frac{4}{3} \times (-1) = -\frac{4}{3} = \frac{-4}{3} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (vii)

\[ x^2 + 7x + 12 = x^2 + (3 + 4)x + 12 \] \[ = x^2 + 3x + 4x + 12 \] \[ = x(x + 3) + 4(x + 3) \] \[ = (x + 3)(x + 4) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ x + 3 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 4 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = -3 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -4 \]

Zeroes are: \(-3\) and \(-4\)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = (-3) + (-4) = -7 = -\frac{7}{1} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = (-3) \times (-4) = 12 = \frac{12}{1} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (viii)

\[ x^2 - 4x + 3 = x^2 - (1 + 3)x + 3 \] \[ = x^2 - x - 3x + 3 \] \[ = x(x - 1) - 3(x - 1) \] \[ = (x - 1)(x - 3) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ x - 1 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x - 3 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = 1 \quad \text{and} \quad x = 3 \]

Zeroes are: \(1\) and \(3\)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = 1 + 3 = 4 = -\frac{-4}{1} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = 1 \times 3 = 3 = \frac{3}{1} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (ix)

\[ x^2 - 6x - 7 = x^2 - (7 - 1)x - 7 \] \[ = x^2 - 7x + x - 7 \] \[ = x(x - 7) + 1(x - 7) \] \[ = (x - 7)(x + 1) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ x - 7 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 1 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = 7 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -1 \]

Zeroes are: \(7\) and \(-1\)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = 7 + (-1) = 6 = -\frac{-6}{1} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = 7 \times (-1) = -7 = \frac{-7}{1} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Solution (x)

\[ 2x^2 - 5x - 7 = 2x^2 - (7 - 2)x - 7 \] \[ = 2x^2 - 7x + 2x - 7 \] \[ = x(2x - 7) + 1(2x - 7) \] \[ = (2x - 7)(x + 1) \]

The value of the polynomial becomes zero when: \[ 2x - 7 = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 1 = 0 \]

\[ \therefore x = \frac{7}{2} \quad \text{and} \quad x = -1 \]

Zeroes are: \( \frac{7}{2} \) and \( -1 \)

Verification:

Sum of zeroes: \[ = \frac{7}{2} + (-1) = \frac{7 - 2}{2} = \frac{5}{2} = -\frac{-5}{2} = -\frac{\text{Coefficient of } x}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

Product of zeroes: \[ = \frac{7}{2} \times (-1) = -\frac{7}{2} = \frac{-7}{2} = \frac{\text{Constant term}}{\text{Coefficient of } x^2} \]

 

2. Find a quadratic polynomial, each with the given numbers as the sum and product of its zeroes, respectively.
(i) \(\frac{1}{4}, -1\)
(ii) \(\sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{3}\)
(iii) \(0, \sqrt{5}\)
(iv) \(1, 1\)
(v) \(-\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{4}\)
(vi) \(4, 1\)

(i) \( \frac{1}{4}, -1 \)

Solution:

From the formulas of sum and product of zeroes, we know:

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta\)
Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta\)

\[ \alpha + \beta = \frac{1}{4} \] \[ \alpha \beta = -1 \]

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \frac{1}{4}x - 1 = 0 \]

Multiplying by 4: \[ 4x^2 - x - 4 = 0 \]

Final Answer: \(4x^2 - x - 4 = 0\)
 

(ii) \( \sqrt{2}, \frac{1}{3} \)

Solution:

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta = \sqrt{2}\)

Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta = \frac{1}{3}\)

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \sqrt{2}x + \frac{1}{3} = 0 \]

Multiplying by 3: \[ 3x^2 - 3\sqrt{2}x + 1 = 0 \]

Final Answer: \(3x^2 - 3\sqrt{2}x + 1 = 0\)
 
 

(iii) \( 0, \sqrt{5} \)

Solution:

Given,

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta = 0\)

Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta = \sqrt{5}\)

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - (0)x + \sqrt{5} = 0 \]

\[ x^2 + \sqrt{5} = 0 \]

Final Answer: \(x^2 + \sqrt{5} = 0\)
 

(iv) \( 1, 1 \)

Solution:

Given,

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta = 1\)

Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta = 1\)

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - x + 1 = 0 \]

Thus, \(x^2 - x + 1\) is the quadratic polynomial.
 

(v) \( -\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{4} \)

Solution:

Given,

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta = -\frac{1}{4}\)

Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta = \frac{1}{4}\)

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)x + \frac{1}{4} = 0 \]

Multiplying by 4: \[ 4x^2 + x + 1 = 0 \]

Thus, \(4x^2 + x + 1\) is the quadratic polynomial.

(vi) \( 4, 1 \)

Solution:

Given,

Sum of zeroes \(= \alpha + \beta = 4\)

Product of zeroes \(= \alpha \beta = 1\)

If \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \) are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, then:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - 4x + 1 = 0 \]

Thus, \(x^2 - 4x + 1\) is the quadratic polynomial.
 
 

3. Find the quadratic polynomials whose zeroes are –
(i) \(-4\) and \(\frac{3}{2}\)
(ii) \(5\) and \(2\)
(iii) \(\frac{1}{3}\) and \(-1\)
(iv) \(\frac{3}{2}\) and \(-2\)

(i) \( -4 \) and \( \frac{3}{2} \)

Solution:

Let the zeroes be \( \alpha = -4 \) and \( \beta = \frac{3}{2} \)

\[ \text{Sum of zeroes } (\alpha + \beta) = -4 + \frac{3}{2} = \frac{-8 + 3}{2} = -\frac{5}{2} \]

\[ \text{Product of zeroes } (\alpha \beta) = -4 \times \frac{3}{2} = -2 \times 3 = -6 \]

The required quadratic polynomial is given by:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \left(-\frac{5}{2}\right)x + (-6) = 0 \]

\[ x^2 + \frac{5}{2}x - 6 = 0 \]

Multiplying the equation by 2: \[ 2x^2 + 5x - 12 = 0 \]

Required Quadratic Polynomial: \( 2x^2 + 5x - 12 \)

(ii) \( 5 \) and \( -2 \)

Solution:

Let the zeroes be \( \alpha = 5 \) and \( \beta = -2 \)

\[ \text{Sum of zeroes } (\alpha + \beta) = 5 + (-2) = 3 \]

\[ \text{Product of zeroes } (\alpha \beta) = 5 \times (-2) = -10 \]

The required quadratic polynomial is:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - 3x - 10 = 0 \]

Required Quadratic Polynomial: \( x^2 - 3x - 10 \)

(iii) \( \frac{1}{3} \) and \( -1 \)

Solution:

Let the zeroes be \( \alpha = \frac{1}{3} \) and \( \beta = -1 \)

\[ \text{Sum of zeroes } (\alpha + \beta) = \frac{1}{3} - 1 = \frac{1 - 3}{3} = -\frac{2}{3} \]

\[ \text{Product of zeroes } (\alpha \beta) = \frac{1}{3} \times (-1) = -\frac{1}{3} \]

The required quadratic polynomial is:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)x + \left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = 0 \]

\[ x^2 + \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{1}{3} = 0 \]

Multiplying the equation by 3: \[ 3x^2 + 2x - 1 = 0 \]

Required Quadratic Polynomial: \( 3x^2 + 2x - 1 \)

(iv) \( \frac{3}{2} \) and \( -2 \)

Solution:

Let the zeroes be \( \alpha = \frac{3}{2} \) and \( \beta = -2 \)

\[ \text{Sum of zeroes } (\alpha + \beta) = \frac{3}{2} - 2 = \frac{3 - 4}{2} = -\frac{1}{2} \]

\[ \text{Product of zeroes } (\alpha \beta) = \frac{3}{2} \times (-2) = -3 \]

The required quadratic polynomial is:

\[ x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha \beta = 0 \]

\[ x^2 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)x - 3 = 0 \]

\[ x^2 + \frac{1}{2}x - 3 = 0 \]

Multiplying the equation by 2: \[ 2x^2 + x - 6 = 0 \]

Required Quadratic Polynomial: \( 2x^2 + x - 6 \)
 
 

4. If \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the polynomial \(x^2 - p(x + 1) + c\) such that \((\alpha + 1)(\beta + 1) = 0\), then the value of \(c\) is—
(i) \(1\)
(ii) \(2\)
(iii) \(-1\)
(iv) \(-2\)
 

Solution: Step 1: Simplify the given polynomial The given polynomial is: \[ f(x) = x^2 - p(x + 1) + c \] Expanding it: \[ f(x) = x^2 - px - p + c \] Comparing this with the standard form \(ax^2 + bx + c\):
  • \(a = 1\)
  • \(b = -p\)
  • Constant term \(= -p + c\)
Step 2: Find the Sum and Product of zeroes From the relationship between zeroes and coefficients: \[ \text{Sum of zeroes } (\alpha + \beta) = -\frac{b}{a} = -(-p) = p \] \[ \text{Product of zeroes } (\alpha\beta) = \frac{\text{constant term}}{a} = -p + c \] Step 3: Use the given condition We are given: \[ (\alpha + 1)(\beta + 1) = 0 \] Expanding the brackets: \[ \alpha\beta + \alpha + \beta + 1 = 0 \] \[ \alpha\beta + (\alpha + \beta) + 1 = 0 \] Step 4: Substitute the values Substituting the values of \((\alpha\beta)\) and \((\alpha + \beta)\) from Step 2: \[ (-p + c) + (p) + 1 = 0 \] The \(-p\) and \(+p\) cancel each other out: \[ c + 1 = 0 \] \[ c = -1 \]
Correct Option: (iii) \(-1\)

5. If \(a - b\), \(a\), and \(a + b\) are the zeroes of the polynomial \(p(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 - 6x + 8\), then the values of \(a\) and \(b\) are:
(i) \(a = 1\)
(ii) \(b = \pm 3\)
(iii) \(a = -1\)
(iv) \(b = a\)
Choose the correct answer:
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (iii) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Solution: Step 1: Identify coefficients of the cubic polynomial The given polynomial is: \[ p(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 - 6x + 8 \] Comparing this with the general form \(Ax^3 + Bx^2 + Cx + D\):
  • \(A = 1, B = -3, C = -6, D = 8\)
The zeroes are given as: \(a - b, a, a + b\) Step 2: Find 'a' using Sum of Zeroes The Sum of Zeroes is given by the formula \(-\frac{B}{A}\): \[ (a - b) + a + (a + b) = -\frac{-3}{1} \] \[ 3a = 3 \] \[ a = 1 \] This confirms statement (i) is correct. Step 3: Find 'b' using Product of Zeroes The Product of Zeroes is given by the formula \(-\frac{D}{A}\): \[ (a - b) \times a \times (a + b) = -\frac{8}{1} \] Substituting the value \(a = 1\): \[ (1 - b) \times 1 \times (1 + b) = -8 \] \[ 1 - b^2 = -8 \] \[ -b^2 = -8 - 1 \] \[ b^2 = 9 \] \[ b = \pm 3 \] This confirms statement (ii) is correct. Step 4: Conclusion Since both statement (i) \(a = 1\) and statement (ii) \(b = \pm 3\) are mathematically correct:
Correct Answer: (b) (i) and (ii)
 
 

6. The following statements consist of an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R):
Assertion (A): If \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the polynomial \(x^2 - 6x + p\) such that \((\alpha + \beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta = 40\), then the value of \(p\) is \(-1\).
Reason (R): For the polynomial \(ax^2 + bx + c\), the sum and product of the zeroes are \(-\frac{b}{a}\) and \(\frac{c}{a}\), respectively.
Choose the correct option:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Solution: Step 1: Evaluate Reason (R) According to the relationship between zeroes and coefficients of a quadratic polynomial \(ax^2 + bx + c\):
  • Sum of zeroes \((\alpha + \beta) = -\frac{b}{a}\)
  • Product of zeroes \((\alpha\beta) = \frac{c}{a}\)
This is a standard mathematical fact. Therefore, Reason (R) is True. Step 2: Evaluate Assertion (A) Given polynomial: \(x^2 - 6x + p\) Here, \(a = 1, b = -6, c = p\) Using the formulas from Reason (R):
  • \(\alpha + \beta = -\frac{-6}{1} = 6\)
  • \(\alpha\beta = \frac{p}{1} = p\)
The given condition is: \[ (\alpha + \beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta = 40 \] Substituting the values: \[ (6)^2 - 2(p) = 40 \] \[ 36 - 2p = 40 \] \[ -2p = 40 - 36 \] \[ -2p = 4 \] \[ p = \frac{4}{-2} = -2 \] In Assertion (A), the value of \(p\) is given as \(-1\), but our calculation shows \(p = -2\). Therefore, Assertion (A) is False. Step 3: Choose the correct option Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true:
Correct Option: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
 
 

7. Match the polynomials in Column I with the corresponding sum and product of their zeroes in Column II:
Column I Column II
(A) \(x^2 - 7x + 12\) (P) \(7, -12\)
(B) \(x^2 + 7x + 12\) (Q) \(7, 12\)
(C) \(x^2 - 7x - 12\) (R) \(-7, 12\)
Choose the correct option:
(a) A → Q, B → P, C → R
(b) A → Q, B → R, C → P
(c) A → P, B → Q, C → R
(d) A → P, B → R, C → Q

Solution:

To match the columns, we use the formulas for a quadratic polynomial \(ax^2 + bx + c\):

  • Sum of zeroes \((\alpha + \beta) = -\frac{b}{a}\)
  • Product of zeroes \((\alpha\beta) = \frac{c}{a}\)
Step 1: Calculate for each polynomial
Polynomial Sum \((-\frac{b}{a})\) Product \((\frac{c}{a})\) Result
(A) \(x^2 - 7x + 12\) \(-\frac{-7}{1} = 7\) \(\frac{12}{1} = 12\) (Q) 7, 12
(B) \(x^2 + 7x + 12\) \(-\frac{7}{1} = -7\) \(\frac{12}{1} = 12\) (R) -7, 12
(C) \(x^2 - 7x - 12\) \(-\frac{-7}{1} = 7\) \(\frac{-12}{1} = -12\) (P) 7, -12
Step 2: Matching the pairs
  • A matches with Q
  • B matches with R
  • C matches with P
Correct Option: (b) A → Q, B → R, C → P
 

8. The following two statements are given—
Statement (i): The graph of a linear polynomial is a straight line.
Statement (ii): In a polynomial, the variable does not appear in the denominator.
Choose the correct answer—
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true.
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false.
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false.
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true.

Solution: Step 1: Evaluate Statement (i) A linear polynomial is of the form \(f(x) = ax + b\) (where \(a \neq 0\)). When plotted on a Cartesian plane, the relationship between \(x\) and \(y\) is linear, meaning it always forms a straight line.
Therefore, Statement (i) is True. Step 2: Evaluate Statement (ii) By definition, a polynomial is an algebraic expression consisting of variables and coefficients, where the exponents of the variables must be non-negative integers (0, 1, 2, ...). If a variable appears in the denominator (e.g., \( \frac{1}{x} \)), its exponent becomes negative (\( x^{-1} \)), which violates the definition of a polynomial.
Therefore, Statement (ii) is True. Step 3: Conclusion Since both statements are mathematically correct:
Correct Option: (a) Both (i) and (ii) are true.
 
 

9. If \(p^2 = \frac{32}{50}\), then the value of \(p\) is—
(i) an integer
(ii) a rational number
(iii) an irrational number
(iv) a real number
Choose the correct option—
(a) Both (ii) and (iv) are true
(b) Both (i) and (iv) are true
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (ii) is false but (iii) is true

Solution: Step 1: Simplify the given equation Given: \[ p^2 = \frac{32}{50} \] Reducing the fraction by dividing both numerator and denominator by 2: \[ p^2 = \frac{16}{25} \] Step 2: Find the value of \(p\) Taking the square root on both sides: \[ p = \sqrt{\frac{16}{25}} \] \[ p = \pm \frac{4}{5} \] Step 3: Analyze the nature of \(p\) The value \( \frac{4}{5} \) (or \( 0.8 \)) is:
  • Not an integer: Since it is a fraction.
  • A rational number: Because it is expressed in the form \(\frac{a}{b}\).
  • Not an irrational number: Because it can be written as a simple fraction.
  • A real number: All rational numbers are real numbers.
Step 4: Conclusion Statements (ii) and (iv) are correct.
Correct Option: (a) Both (ii) and (iv) are true.
 
 

10. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial \(x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c\) is \(-1\), then the product of the other two zeroes is—
(a) \(b - a + 1\)
(b) \(b - a - 1\)
(c) \(a - b + 1\)
(d) \(a - b - 1\)

Solution: Step 1: Use the given zero to find a relation Let the given polynomial be \( p(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c \). Since \(-1\) is a zero of the polynomial, \( p(-1) = 0 \). \[ (-1)^3 + a(-1)^2 + b(-1) + c = 0 \] \[ -1 + a - b + c = 0 \] From this, we can find the value of \( c \): \[ c = b - a + 1 \quad \text{---(Equation 1)} \] Step 2: Use the relationship between zeroes Let the three zeroes of the cubic polynomial be \( \alpha, \beta, \) and \( \gamma \). We are given one zero, let \( \alpha = -1 \). The product of all three zeroes is given by the formula \( -\frac{\text{constant term}}{\text{coefficient of } x^3} \): \[ \alpha \cdot \beta \cdot \gamma = -\frac{c}{1} \] \[ (-1) \cdot \beta \cdot \gamma = -c \] \[ \beta \cdot \gamma = c \] Step 3: Substitute the value of 'c' From Step 1, we know that \( c = b - a + 1 \). Therefore: \[ \text{Product of the other two zeroes } (\beta \gamma) = b - a + 1 \]
Correct Option: (a) \(b - a + 1\)
 
 

11. \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial \(x^2 - 6x + a\). If \(3\alpha + 2\beta = 20\), then the value of \(a\) is—
(a) \(5\)
(b) \(-7\)
(c) \(12\)
(d) \(-16\)

Solution: Step 1: Find the sum of zeroes For the polynomial \(x^2 - 6x + a\), we have \(A = 1, B = -6, C = a\). The sum of zeroes \((\alpha + \beta)\) is given by \(-\frac{B}{A}\): \[ \alpha + \beta = -\frac{-6}{1} = 6 \quad \text{---(Equation 1)} \] Step 2: Solve the system of equations We are given the condition: \[ 3\alpha + 2\beta = 20 \quad \text{---(Equation 2)} \] From Equation 1, we can write \(\beta = 6 - \alpha\). Substituting this into Equation 2: \[ 3\alpha + 2(6 - \alpha) = 20 \] \[ 3\alpha + 12 - 2\alpha = 20 \] \[ \alpha = 20 - 12 \] \[ \alpha = 8 \] Now, find \(\beta\): \[ \beta = 6 - 8 = -2 \] Step 3: Find the value of 'a' using product of zeroes The product of zeroes \((\alpha\beta)\) is given by \(\frac{C}{A}\): \[ \alpha \cdot \beta = \frac{a}{1} \] \[ (8) \cdot (-2) = a \] \[ a = -16 \]
Correct Option: (d) \(-16\)
 
 

12. If \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the polynomial \(2x^2 - 5x + 7\), then find another polynomial whose zeroes are \(2\alpha + 3\beta\) and \(3\alpha + 2\beta\).

Solution:

Step 1: Sum and product of given zeroes Given polynomial: \[ 2x^2 - 5x + 7 \] \[ \alpha + \beta = \frac{5}{2}, \quad \alpha\beta = \frac{7}{2} \] Step 2: New zeroes New zeroes are: \[ 2\alpha + 3\beta \quad \text{and} \quad 3\alpha + 2\beta \] Step 3: Sum of new zeroes \[ (2\alpha + 3\beta) + (3\alpha + 2\beta) = 5\alpha + 5\beta = 5(\alpha + \beta) \] \[ = 5 \times \frac{5}{2} = \frac{25}{2} \] Step 4: Product of new zeroes \[ (2\alpha + 3\beta)(3\alpha + 2\beta) \] \[ = 6\alpha^2 + 13\alpha\beta + 6\beta^2 \] Use identity: \[ \alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (\alpha+\beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta \] \[ = \left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2 - 2\cdot\frac{7}{2} = \frac{25}{4} - 7 = -\frac{3}{4} \] Now, \[ 6(\alpha^2 + \beta^2) + 13\alpha\beta \] \[ = 6\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right) + 13\cdot\frac{7}{2} = -\frac{18}{4} + \frac{91}{2} \] \[ = -\frac{9}{2} + \frac{91}{2} = \frac{82}{2} = 41 \] Step 5: Required polynomial \[ x^2 - \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)x + 41 = 0 \] Multiply by 2: \[ 2x^2 - 25x + 82 = 0 \]
Required Polynomial: \(2x^2 - 25x + 82\)
 

13. If \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the polynomial \(ax^2 + bx + c\), then find the values of—
(i) \(\alpha^2 + \beta^2\)
(ii) \(\alpha^2 + \alpha\beta + \beta^2\)
(iii) \(\alpha^2\beta + \alpha\beta^2\)
(iv) \(\alpha - \beta\)
(v) \(\alpha^2 + \beta^2 - \alpha\beta\)

Solution:

Given: For polynomial \(ax^2 + bx + c\), \[ \alpha + \beta = -\frac{b}{a}, \quad \alpha\beta = \frac{c}{a} \] (i) \(\alpha^2 + \beta^2\) \[ \alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (\alpha+\beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta \] \[ = \left(-\frac{b}{a}\right)^2 - 2\cdot\frac{c}{a} = \frac{b^2}{a^2} - \frac{2c}{a} \] \[ = \frac{b^2 - 2ac}{a^2} \]

Answer: \(\frac{b^2 - 2ac}{a^2}\)

(ii) \(\alpha^2 + \alpha\beta + \beta^2\) \[ = (\alpha^2 + \beta^2) + \alpha\beta \] \[ = \frac{b^2 - 2ac}{a^2} + \frac{c}{a} = \frac{b^2 - 2ac + ac}{a^2} \] \[ = \frac{b^2 - ac}{a^2} \]

Answer: \(\frac{b^2 - ac}{a^2}\)

(iii) \(\alpha^2\beta + \alpha\beta^2\) \[ = \alpha\beta(\alpha + \beta) \] \[ = \frac{c}{a} \cdot \left(-\frac{b}{a}\right) = -\frac{bc}{a^2} \]

Answer: \(-\frac{bc}{a^2}\)

(iv) \(\alpha - \beta\) \[ (\alpha - \beta)^2 = (\alpha+\beta)^2 - 4\alpha\beta \] \[ = \frac{b^2}{a^2} - \frac{4c}{a} = \frac{b^2 - 4ac}{a^2} \] \[ \Rightarrow \alpha - \beta = \pm \frac{\sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{a} \]

Answer: \(\pm \frac{\sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{a}\)

(v) \(\alpha^2 + \beta^2 - \alpha\beta\) \[ = (\alpha^2 + \beta^2) - \alpha\beta \] \[ = \frac{b^2 - 2ac}{a^2} - \frac{c}{a} = \frac{b^2 - 2ac - ac}{a^2} \] \[ = \frac{b^2 - 3ac}{a^2} \]

Answer: \(\frac{b^2 - 3ac}{a^2}\)

 
 

14. If the sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial \(kx^2 + 2x + 3k\) are equal, then find the value of \(k\).

Solution: Step 1: Identify the coefficients The given polynomial is \(kx^2 + 2x + 3k\). Comparing it with the standard form \(ax^2 + bx + c\), we get:
  • \(a = k\)
  • \(b = 2\)
  • \(c = 3k\)
Step 2: Use the formulas for zeroes Let the zeroes of the polynomial be \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\).
  • Sum of zeroes \((\alpha + \beta) = -\frac{b}{a} = -\frac{2}{k}\)
  • Product of zeroes \((\alpha\beta) = \frac{c}{a} = \frac{3k}{k} = 3\)
Step 3: Apply the given condition According to the question, the sum of zeroes is equal to the product of zeroes: \[ \alpha + \beta = \alpha\beta \] \[ -\frac{2}{k} = 3 \] Step 4: Solve for \(k\) \[ -2 = 3k \] \[ k = -\frac{2}{3} \]
Value of \(k\): \(-\frac{2}{3}\)
 
 

15. If \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial \(f(x) = x^2 - 5x + 4\), then find the value of \(\frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} - 2\alpha\beta\).

Solution:

Step 1: Sum and Product of zeroes Given polynomial: \[ f(x) = x^2 - 5x + 4 \] \[ \alpha + \beta = 5, \quad \alpha\beta = 4 \] Step 2: Find \( \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} \) \[ \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} = \frac{\alpha + \beta}{\alpha\beta} = \frac{5}{4} \] Step 3: Substitute in the given expression \[ \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} - 2\alpha\beta \] \[ = \frac{5}{4} - 2(4) = \frac{5}{4} - 8 \] \[ = \frac{5 - 32}{4} = -\frac{27}{4} \]
Final Answer: \( -\frac{27}{4} \)
 
 

16. Find the cubic polynomial whose sum of zeroes, sum of the products of the zeroes taken two at a time, and the product of the zeroes are \(2\), \(-7\), and \(-14\), respectively.

Solution:

Step 1: Standard form of cubic polynomial If \( \alpha, \beta, \gamma \) are zeroes, then the cubic polynomial is: \[ x^3 - (\alpha+\beta+\gamma)x^2 + (\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha)x - \alpha\beta\gamma \] Step 2: Substitute given values Given: \[ \alpha+\beta+\gamma = 2 \] \[ \alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha = -7 \] \[ \alpha\beta\gamma = -14 \] Substitute into formula: \[ x^3 - (2)x^2 + (-7)x - (-14) \] Step 3: Simplify \[ x^3 - 2x^2 - 7x + 14 \]
Required Cubic Polynomial: \(x^3 - 2x^2 - 7x + 14\)
 

17. A bridge model with hanging cables forming a mathematical pattern is shown in the figure below.
Bridge Model Image
Answer the following questions:
(i) The shape of the hanging cable is—
(A) Linear
(B) Spiral
(C) Parabola
(D) Ellipse
(ii) Which polynomial expression represents the figure—
(a) \(y = ax + b\)
(b) \(y = ax^2 + bx + c\)
(c) \(y = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d\)
(d) \(y = ax^4 + cx + d\)
(iii) The zeros of a polynomial can be represented graphically. The number of zeros is equal to the number of points where the graph of the polynomial intersects—
(a) the \(x\)-axis
(b) the \(y\)-axis
(c) both the \(x\)-axis and \(y\)-axis
(d) none of these
(iv) The polynomial representing the hanging cable of the bridge has a sum of zeros \(-3\) and product of zeros \(5\). It is—
(a) \(x^2 - 3x - 5\)
(b) \(x^2 - 3x + 5\)
(c) \(x^2 + 3x - 5\)
(d) \(x^2 + 3x + 5\)
(v) The graph of a quadratic polynomial is—
(a) Straight line
(b) Circle
(c) Parabola
(d) Ellipse

Solution:
(i) The name of the shape of the hanging wires is—
Explanation: The curved shape formed by the hanging wires of a suspension bridge is mathematically known as a Parabola.
Correct Option: (C) Parabola
(ii) The mathematical expression used to represent the shape in the figure is—
Explanation: Since the shape is a parabola, it represents a quadratic polynomial. The standard form of a quadratic polynomial is \(ax^2 + bx + c\).
Correct Option: (b) \(y = ax^2 + bx + c\)
(iii) The number of zeroes of the polynomial is equal to the number of points where the graph intersects the—
Explanation: Geometrically, the zeroes of any polynomial are the points where its graph crosses or touches the x-axis.
Correct Option: (a) Intersects the x-axis
(iv) The representation of the hanging wire whose sum of zeroes is \(-3\) and product of zeroes is \(5\) is—
Explanation: The formula for a quadratic polynomial is \(x^2 - (\text{Sum})x + (\text{Product})\).
Substituting the values: \(x^2 - (-3)x + 5 = x^2 + 3x + 5\).
Correct Option: (d) \(x^2 + 3x + 5\)
(v) The graph of a quadratic polynomial is a—
Explanation: Every quadratic polynomial, when plotted on a graph, always results in a Parabola.
Correct Option: (c) Parabola
 
 

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Q1. What is Exercise 2.2 in Class 10 Maths Assam?

Exercise 2.2 focuses on finding zeros of polynomials and verifying relationships.

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